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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental elements like the termites' diet and the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been broken or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, some soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they may intentionally repaint themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming out of a breach that is bigger than the soldier's mind, defence demands a special formations where soldiers form a phalanx-like formation around the breach and sting at intruders.154 When an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is successful, an entire colony may be ruined, even though this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any violation of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential breach, the soldiers usually bang their minds, apparently to entice different troops for defence and also to recruit additional workers to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites that causes them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which can be a means to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection that they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles throughout the plan of evolution and must be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland gets quite tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube that denies entry to any attacker.161.

Employees use several different approaches to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries away a corpse in the colony to dispose of it elsewhere.165 Which approach is used depends on the nature of this corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown balls, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggs, and in some circumstances the workers tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows find out here now the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant are known to catch termites to utilize as a fresh food origin later on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are instantly seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis assault the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another is to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a predatory one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites live inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their anchor hosts.